Understanding Adrenocortical Cancer (ACC) and Its Impact on Hormone Production

Adrenocortical cancer, or ACC, is a rare type of cancer that affects the adrenal glands, which are responsible for producing essential hormones. The adrenal cortex, the outer part of each gland, produces three main types of hormones: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

Hormone Production in Adrenal Cortical Cancer

In ACC, the adrenal cortex produces an overabundance of certain hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. These hormonal imbalances can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. For example, excessive production of cortisol can cause weight gain, mood changes, and insomnia.

Types of Hormones Produced by the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal glands produce several important hormones that play critical roles in various bodily functions. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, help regulate blood sugar levels and aid in response to illness or stress. Mineralocorticoids, like aldosterone, help maintain proper salt and water balance in the body.

Androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone, are responsible for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty. These hormones also play a role in the development of female body hair during puberty and may contribute to precocious puberty.

Symptoms of Adrenocortical Cancer

Adrenocortical cancer can present with a range of symptoms, depending on the location and severity of the tumor. Some individuals may not experience any noticeable symptoms at all, while others may exhibit signs such as:

* Weight gain or loss

* Mood changes

* Insomnia or fatigue

* Skin changes, including thinning skin or easy bruising

* Muscle weakness

Treatment and Management of Adrenocortical Cancer

Patients with ACC require long-term follow-up care to monitor for potential recurrences. Genetic screening may also be necessary to identify any genetic mutations that could increase the risk of developing this type of cancer.

In addition to surgical removal of the tumor, medical treatments such as mitotane may be used to manage symptoms and prevent further growth or spread of the cancer. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are crucial for ensuring effective treatment and management of ACC.

Adrenocortical cancer is a complex and rare type of cancer that requires careful diagnosis and management. Understanding the hormonal imbalances associated with this condition can help patients better navigate their treatment options and manage any symptoms they may experience. With proper treatment and follow-up care, individuals with ACC can achieve optimal outcomes and improve their quality of life.

Overactive adrenal cortex